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Body.
The Nucleus
The cell body, called the SOMA, is the main part of the neuron. It is the main metabolic center or region of the neuron. The neuron has 3 parts: DENDRITES (inputs), SOMA (cell body), and AXON (output). The axon is the part which FIRES when sufficient inputs reach it at the axon hillock.
The synaptic cleft is the area of the neuron that secretes neurotransmitters.
A Dendrite
soma
Neural input happens at the dendrites (dendritic tree) of the neuron, but some neurons, notably the sympathetic, can receive input at the axon hillock (where the axon leaves the soma).
The function of the neuron part that picks up signals from other neurons is to receive and integrate incoming signals, allowing the neuron to communicate with other neurons and process information. This part is called the dendrite.
The Synaptic signals from other neurons are received by the neuron's soma and dendrites. Synapse's happens when contact is made by one neuron's axon and is received by another neuron's dendrite and soma. The synaptic signaling procedure is vital to positive neuron function.
the longest part of a nerve cell is called the Axon.
the center part of the tree is called the core.
The post-synaptic part of a neuron in humans is typically referring to the dendrites and cell body (soma). These structures receive signals from other neurons via neurotransmitters released at synapses.