Nuclear fusion.
Stellar evolution
Elements withing a burning star combine until the core becomes iron, which is too dense to combine into anything else. Depending on the size of the star, how many solar masses it is, it will either cool off or, if it's big enough then it turns into a black hole, due to the massive gravitational pull it has within its core.
A super giant
A planet cannot become a star. A star is an object that is massive enough to release energy via nuclear fusion. A planet is much less massive.
yes as heavy elements are used for fuel the star expands this is what will happen to the earth it will swell to a red giant engulfing the inner 3 planets as it slowly dies
Yes they can
ether a pulsar or a black hole depending on the mass of the star
I assume you mean, "how long a star lives". That depends mainly on the star's mass, with more massive stars using up their fuel way faster than less massive ones.
its not a massive or a dwarf star
A massive collapsed star is a dead star.
The more massive a star is, the less its life time.
No. Only the most massive stars can fuse iron.