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Until early in the twentieth century, scholars believed that John's Gospel was written independently of the synoptic gospels, perhaps even by John himself. Further research has established that the gospel was actually inspired by Luke's Gospel, although some material has been shown to have been taken direct from Mark, the original gospel.

Some unique themes, not found in the synoptic gospels, were added to the Gospel of John. The 'disciple whom Jesus loved', long thought to be a reference to the Apostle John, in all but one instance is mentioned in contrast to the apostle Peter and is always portrayed as a more worthy apostle than Peter. Another unique theme is 'doubting Thomas'; for example Luke's portrayal of the risen Jesus appearing to the disciples at a meal is split into two such appearances, allowing Thomas to be shown as a doubter and to miss out on receiving the Holy Spirit from Jesus. Elaine Pagels believes these themes were added to John because of rivalry between the Johannine community and other Christian communities that followed different patron saints.

Mark, followed by Matthew and Luke, say that the Last Supper was on the night of the Passover feast, with Jesus crucified at 9 o'clock (the third hour) on the day following the Passover. For theological reasons, John changes this, so that Jesus was sent to be crucified at 12 noon (the sixth hour) on the day following the Passover feast.

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Q: What is the composition of John's Gospel?
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