The word means "year's time" and refers to the anniversary of a death. Jewish tradition asks close relatives of the deceased to say the Mourner's Kaddish on the anniversary of death every year. To say the Kaddish, you need a minyan, 10 adult Jews. Knowledgeable Jews sometimes actually lead the yartzeit service in honor of the person they are mourning.
If you light the yahrzeit candle before it's time to light the Hanukkah-menorah, you may light the yahrzeit candle first. Otherwise, once it's past sunset, you should wait until about 20 minutes after sunset, light the Hanukkah-menorah, and afterwards light the yahrzeit candle.
Yahrzeit is a commemoration of the death of a Jew by a mourner (the child, sibling, spouse or parent of the deceased). The date of the Yahrzeit, which is calculated according to the Hebrew calendar, is the anniversary of the death, not the burial. The anniversary of the death of a loved one is naturally a solemn day, and Judaism helps the mourner experience this pain and and also honors the memory of the deceased via Yahrzeit rituals.
Yes.
Yahrzeit (literally "Time of the Year" and connotatively "anniversary") is the anniversary of the death, not the burial. So the first yahrzeit would be observed on the first anniversary of the date of death. However, some authorities rule that if the burial takes place more than three days after death (the day of death being considered day one) that the first yahrzeit take place on the day of burial.
Yes, I think so.
Yes, see Yahrzeit or Yahrtzeit.
They throw it away.
My mother died August 17 2006 and I need a Yahrzeit calendar for that date in order to observe the Jewish anniversary of her death each year
You need to go to a Hebrew Calendar website to do that.
Yes. The German for season is die Jahreszeit.
The Yahrzeit does not come straight after the death, but on the anniversary of the death. Therefore, if you light a candle - even one intended for the Yahrzeit that burns for 24 hours - on the evening after the death has occurred, it is not technically a Yahrzeit candle. I can't see that there would be anything halakhically (by Jewish law) wrong with doing so, but I would most definitely urge you to check this with a rabbi and don't just take my word for it. There are several online "ask the rabbi" services who will be able to help you with this - I'd recommend the one at www.chabad.org as they've never let me down yet and will send a personal reply usually within a day or two.
Candles used in Judaism usually don't have names, other than the names of the occasions they're used on, such as: Shabbat candles, used on Shabbat Havdalah candles, used on Havdalah Hanukkah candles, used on Hanukkah Yahrzeit candles, used for someone's Yahrzeit