The most important one is the blast furnace.
The Bessemer converter removes impurities from pig iron and produces steel.
It isn't so much a machine. It is a method. It is used to make iron into steel. Iron has impurities and Bessemer found out that if you pump air into the iron it removes the impurities and it becomes steel.
It removes the sandy impurities in the iron formed as 'slag' [calcium silicate] CaCO3---> CaO + CO2 CaO + SiO2 ----> CaSiO3.
The excretory system removes excess sugar and impurities from the blood.
Oxygen. When oxygen is forced through molted iron it reacts with the carbon, turning into carbon dioxide and bubbles away, leaving a cleaner metal behind.
When limestone reacts with iron, it removes impurities and forms slag, which is less dense than molten iron and therefore floats over it, allowing it to be tapped off seperatly. It (the slag) is rather useless, but can be used in concrete.
Steel is actually iron that was smelted at much higher temperatures than normally (usually with a blast furnace). This extreme heat that is added removes many more impurities, actually making it denser and harder than usual iron.
Oxygen is not blown into pure iron, it is blown into molten iron ore (many impurities) and coke has been added to the mix as well. the coke reacts with the impurities and the oxygen to purify the iron ore.
Dialysis
Not really. One doesn't clean an impurity, one removes it from something. So either "remove all impurities" or "clean (something) of impurities".
Calcium carbonate (limestone) is used in blast furnaces to capture impurities and form a slag that floats above the molten iron to keep the impurities from mixing back into the iron.
The filter removes the fish waste and some of the other impurities.