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Here are some paragraphs from the Network + textbook by Tamara Dean (provided through Central Texas College) that explain what Ethernet and ATM are, as well as some differences between Ethernet and the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) WAN technology.
"...Ethernet is a network technology originally developed by Xerox in the 1970s and later improved by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Intel, and Xerox (DIX). This flexible technology can run on a variety of network media and offers excellent throughput at a reasonable cost. Ethernet is, by far, the most popular network technology used on modern LANs.
Ethernet has evolved through many variations, and its speed and reliability continue to improve. As a result of this history, it supports many different versions-so many, in fact, that you might find the many variations a little confusing. However, all Ethernet networks have at least one thing in common-their access method, which is known as CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)."
"All Ethernet networks, independent of their speed or frame type, use an access method called CSMA/CD. To understand Ethernet, you must first understand CSMA/CD."
"Like Ethernet, ATM specifies Data Link layer framing techniques. But what set ATM apart from Ethernet are its fixed packet size. In ATM, a packet is called a cell and always consists of 48 bytes of data plus a 5-byte header. This fixed-sized, 53-byte packet allows ATM to provide predictable network performance. However, recall that a smaller packet size requires more overhead. In fact, ATM's smaller packet does decrease its potential throughput, but the efficiency of using cells compensates for that loss.
Like X.25 and frame relay, ATM relies on virtual circuits. On an ATM network, switches determine the optimal path before the network transmits data. Because ATM packages data into cells before transmission, each of which travels seperately to its destination, ATM is typically considered a packet-switching technology. At the same time, the use of virtual circuits means that ATM provides the main advantage of circuit switching-that is, a point-to-point connection that remains reliably available to the transmission until it completes, making ATM a connection-oriented technology."
I hope this sheds some light on Ethernet and ATM for you.
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