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actuator for vav is movable for many setting but cav is on off position

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Q: What is the difference between CAV and VAV systems?
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What is micro VAV and pico VAV . Are those new technologies in HVAC?

Micro VAV are VAV dampers from Micro Matic.


How do you adjust pressure in a vav box that is dumping in to the return duct?

To adjust pressure in a VAX box that is dumping in to the return duct, measure the air coming from the AHU brought into the plenum of the air diffuser. Connect it to the outlet path formed by the bellows.?æ ?æ


Why are variable frequency drives used for secondary chilled water pumps?

In a chilled water system, the chillers are happiest with a constant-volume flow. In a primary-secondary loop system, the chiller has a primary pump that is constant-speed. If that were the only pump, and it circulated chilled water through the chiller and the load (air handler, etc.), imagine what would happen as the temperature setpoint was reached. The control valve starts to close, reducing the flow. This deadheads the pump, which is bad in itself, but it also reduces flow through the chiller. The chiller could be damaged, or it would trip on a low flow safety, or at the very least it operates poorly, or inefficiently. You could change the control valve to a three-way diverting valve. Now instead of closing, upon reaching setpoint the valve diverts some of the flow, bypassing the load, and recirculates it back to the chiller. This maintains full flow through the system, but it wastes energy because you are always pumping full-load flow even in the dead of winter when you may only need a fraction of the system's capacity. What if there was a way to maintain a constant flow through the chiller, yet only supply just the needed flow to the building? Well, let's change the control valve(s) back to standard 2-way, and add a secondary pump with VFD. We will also need a pressure sensor on the secondary loop. We add a bypass pipe between the two pumps. Can you visualize the piping? Water leaves the primary pump, goes through the chiller, heads out on the CHW supply line. Then it can either circulate through the bypass line and back to the pump (that's the primary loop), or keep on going out to the building, then back from the building, through the secondary pump, past the bypass line, and to the suction on the primary pump. The beauty of the primary-secondary system is we can reduce secondary flow to the building as the cooling load reduces. As the control valve(s) close, the pressure in the secondary loop rises. The pressure sensor detects this and slows the pump down to maintain a constant pressure. As less and less water flows from the chiller out to the building, more and more of the primary flow goes through the bypass pipe, maintaining constant GPM through the chiller. You save money several ways. It takes horsepower ($) to overcome pumping friction losses as you move all that water through the hundreds or even thousands of feet of building piping. Reducing the secondary flow saves energy. Two-way valves are cheaper, less complex, and easier (cheaper) to install. The chiller always operates at design flow, where it is more efficient. So, the VF drive is needed to allow the control system to vary the secondary pump GPM to maintain constant secondary loop pressure as the load requirements change.