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Characteristics of a RISC architecture:
- Emphasis on software;
- Single-clock, reduced instruction only;
- Uniform instruction format, using a single word with the opcode in the same bit positions in every instruction, demanding less decoding;
- Identical general purpose registers, allowing any register to be used in any context, simplifying compiler design;
- Simple addressing modes. Complex addressing performed via sequences of arithmetic and/or load-store operations;
- Typically larger code sizes;
- Few data types in hardware;
Characteristics of a CISC architecture:
- Emphasis on hardware;
- Includes multi-clock complex instructions;
- Small code sizes;
- Complex data types in hardware; some CISCs have byte string instructions, or support complex numbers
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RISK (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) is a CPU design strategy that simplifies instruction set architecture for faster processing, while CISK (Complex Instruction Set Computing) allows for a wider variety of instructions but may lead to slower processing speed. RISK architectures optimize performance through simpler instructions, while CISK architectures provide more flexibility but may be more complex to execute.
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