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Both are digital modulation types for radio, transmitting data as two states usually. Amplitude shift keying varies the amplitude of the carrier, and often is used to switch the carrier on or off for the two states. Frequency shift keying varies the frequency of the carrier, so it is one of two distinct frequencies. These can be seen as digital versions of AM and FM.

With amplitude shift keying the detector needs to distinguish between the two levels, which can vary widely due to propagation. Some sort of gain control or automatic threshold adjustment is needed, and noise bursts can be misinterpreted as data. This method tends to be simpler to implement, but less reliable than other modulation types (more prone to interference).

Frequency shift keying is more or less constant amplitude so the interference (which is mostly AM in nature) is better suppressed. Frequency stability can be an issue with narrow band UHF radios.

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ASK

Audio Shift Keying - Digital signals are sent by modulating a carrier using an two or more tone audio tone. This is generally used for single sideband transmissions, but since it is an audio signal it can be used on FM/PM/AM.

FSK

Frequency Shift keying - Digital signals are sent by changing the frequency of an amplitude UN-modulated signal and decoding it using a side-tone receiver to reproduce the tones. FSK can be sent by any mode which has a carrier.

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Q: What is the difference between FSK and ASK?
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