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A 'ring final circuit', or 'ring-main system', is one in which the line conductor starts and ends at the same line terminal, and the neutral conductor starts and ends at the same neutral terminal in the consumer unit. This means that line current can flow it two opposite directions to the same load, meaning that the current-carrying capacity of the conductors is effectively larger than it would be if the same cross-sectional area conductors were used in a radial system. Loads connected to the ring main are then individually fused using fused plugs.

A 'radial circuit' is one in which only one end of the circuit is connected to the line and neutral terminals, with opposite end terminating at a load.

Ring final circuits are more-or-less unique to the United Kingdom, and were introduced around 1947 when a large house-building programme was established to compensate for the amount of properties destroyed in the second world war. At the same time, there was a shortage of copper, and a ring main system was a method of saving copper without reducing load capacity.

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Q: What is the difference between a radial circuit and a ring final circuit?
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