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Rarefied air, for example is air that has been expanded to a large volume without the addition of more air into that volume. It has an extremely low density and lots of space in between molecules.

Compression is the opposite. You are 'squishing' that same sample of air (or whatever gas you're talking about) into a very tiny volume, without allowing any to escape. It has a much higher relative density that rarefied air.

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Q: What is the difference between a rarefraction and a compression?
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