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Convection. This happens in a fluid (gas or liquid), When a mass of fluid is heated it expands and becomes less dense than the unheated fluid round it. This density difference causes it to rise against gravity, bodily moving the whole mass of warm fluid. Obviously convection could not happen where there was no gravity (eg in a spacecraft orbiting Earth).

Conduction. This happens because heat energy causes atoms or molecules to vibrate faster. As they do so they bump into the atom or molecule next to them and cause this to vibrate more. In this way the energy is passed along inside the body of the substance. Obviously this means while convection can not happen in space, conduction and and does.

Convection and conduction are related the vibrational energy of conduction is what causes the fluid to expand, its molecules vibrating harder take up more room.

Also understand that Heat energy is actually a specific form of Kinetic energy - an energy of motion - but happening at the atomic scale.

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Q: What is the difference between convection and conduction?
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