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The estrous cycle comprises the recurring physiologic changes that are induced by reproductive hormones in most mammalian placental females. Humans and great apes undergo a menstrual cycle instead. Estrous cycles start after puberty in sexually mature females and are interrupted by anestrous phases. Typically estrous cycles continue until death. Some animals may display bloody vaginal discharge, often mistaken for menstruation.

Mammals share the same reproductive system, including the regulatory hypothalamic system that releases gonadotropin releasing hormone in pulses, the pituitary that secretes follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and the sex hormones including estrogens and progesterone. However, species vary significantly in the detailed functioning. One difference is that animals that have estrous cycles reabsorb the endometrium if conception does not occur during that cycle. Animals that have menstrual cycles shed the endometrium through menstruation instead. Another difference is sexual activity. In species with estrous cycles, females are generally only sexually active during the estrous phase of their cycle (see below for an explanation of the different phases in an estrous cycle). This is also referred to as being "in heat." In contrast, females of species with menstrual cycles can be sexually active at any time in their cycle, even when they are not about to ovulate. Humans, unlike some other species, do not have any obvious external signs to signal receptivity at ovulation (concealed ovulation). Research has shown however, that women tend to have more sexual thoughts and are most prone to sexual activity right before ovulation.

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Related Questions

What are the key differences between the menstrual cycle and the estrous cycle in female reproductive physiology?

The key difference between the menstrual cycle and the estrous cycle is that the menstrual cycle occurs in humans and some primates, while the estrous cycle occurs in most other mammals. In the menstrual cycle, females have a monthly period of bleeding, while in the estrous cycle, females experience a period of sexual receptivity known as "heat" or "estrus." Additionally, in the menstrual cycle, females can conceive at any time during their cycle, while in the estrous cycle, females are only fertile during specific times when they are in estrus.


What are the key differences between the estrous and menstrual cycle in female reproductive physiology?

The key difference between the estrous and menstrual cycle in female reproductive physiology is that the estrous cycle is common in most mammals, where females are only receptive to mating during a specific period of time when they are in heat. In contrast, the menstrual cycle is unique to humans and some primates, where females have a monthly cycle of ovulation and menstruation, regardless of mating opportunities. Additionally, the estrous cycle does not involve shedding of the uterine lining like the menstrual cycle does.


How do the estrous and menstrual cycles compare?

The estrous cycle occurs in most mammals, including dogs and cats, and is typically shorter and more predictable than the menstrual cycle in humans. In the estrous cycle, females are only sexually receptive during a specific period, while in the menstrual cycle in humans, women are sexually receptive throughout the cycle but can only conceive during ovulation.


What is the length of the estrous cycle in pigs How does this compare with humans?

The estrous cycle of pigs is 21 days. Humans have a menstrual cycle which can last from 21-35 days.


What is the typical time difference between ovulation and menstruation in the menstrual cycle?

The typical time difference between ovulation and menstruation in the menstrual cycle is around 14 days.


What is the difference between estrus and estrous cycle?

The estrous cycle is the cycle of a non-pregnant female mammal that goes through a luteal phase and a follicular phase. Estrus is the period in which an animal will stand to be bred, and is part of the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. An easy way to remember it is that estrous is an adjective and estrus is a noun. Thus, estrous refers to the entire cycle, whereas estrus just refers to the phase in which the animal can get pregnant. Usage: The female chimpanzee can get pregnant because she is in estrus. The female chimpanzee can get pregnant in this phase of her estrous cycle.


What is the Difference between estrous and estrus?

The estrous cycle is the cycle of a non-pregnant female mammal that goes through a luteal phase and a follicular phase. Estrus is the period in which an animal will stand to be bred, and is part of the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. An easy way to remember it is that estrous is an adjective and estrus is a noun. Thus, estrous refers to the entire cycle, whereas estrus just refers to the phase in which the animal can get pregnant. Usage: The female chimpanzee can get pregnant because she is in estrus. The female chimpanzee can get pregnant in this phase of her estrous cycle.


What is the average estrous length for women?

The typical menstrual cycle length is around 28 days, but everyone is different. It's also perfectly normal for there to be a few days variation from one cycle to the next cycle.


Do all female dogs have periods if not why?

No, they have an estrous cycle rather than a menstrual cycle where the endometrium is absorbed rather than expelled.


What fish have menstrual cycles?

only people have a menstrual cycle but mammals have something called Estrous cycle and there is sometimes bloody discharge. fish are not mammals and they don't have it.


Does a doe as in deer have a menstrual cycle?

No. Humans are the only mammals with menstrual cycles. Deer, as well as other mammals, have estrous cycles. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrous_cycle


Is there any relation between ovulatory cycle and menstrual cycle?

Yes, the ovulatory cycle and menstrual cycle are the same thing. Both talk about the reproductive cycle, but one focuses on ovulation as the main feature of the cycle and the other focuses on menstruation as the main feature of the cycle. There is no difference between these two cycles.