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An earl is a lower rank than a duke. A Duke is the highest rank of nobility right after the Prince. An Earl, on the other hand, is a lower rank above viscount and below a marquis.
A duke.
Marquis is below a Duke and above an Earl.
Duke... i think
Since he was a duke, he outranked the marquis in nobility.
A marquis.
Duke
Marquis of Santa Cruz
A duke holds control over a piece of land, kind of like a sector. An Arch- Duke holds control over a larger piece of land, basically a domain, which is usually made up of sectors.
The Duke of Edinburgh is the Queen's husband. The Prince of Wales is her son. Also, Edinburgh is in Scotland and Wales is... well, in Wales.
The word "marquis" is defined as a nobleman rank above a count but below a duke. This term and position is only relevant and exists in few European countries.
civilian, knight, baronet, baron, viscount, earl, marquis, duke, furstin and prinzessian.