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Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble, allowing them to easily pass through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors, influencing gene expression. In contrast, amine hormones are derived from amino acids and are generally water-soluble, which means they typically bind to receptors on the cell surface, activating signaling pathways without directly altering gene expression. This fundamental difference in structure and solubility influences their mechanisms of action and physiological effects in the body.
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What is the difference between amine and peptide hormones?
Amine hormones are derived from amino acids, such as epinephrine and dopamine, and are typically water-soluble. Peptide hormones are made up of short amino acid chains and are also water-soluble. Peptide hormones include insulin and growth hormone.
Explain how steroid and amine type hormones affect their target cells?
Steroid hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors, forming hormone-receptor complexes that activate gene transcription. This leads to changes in protein synthesis and cell function. Amine type hormones, such as epinephrine, bind to cell surface receptors, activating second messenger systems like cAMP or calcium, which mediate rapid cellular responses.
Is a hormone a steroid?
Not all hormones are steroids. Steroids are a specific type of hormone that have a characteristic structure with four interconnected carbon rings. Other types of hormones, such as peptides and catecholamines, do not have this structure.
What is the only amine hormone that acts like a steroid?
thyroid hormone
What gland is a modified sympathetic ganglion that produces amine hormones?
The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion that produces amine hormones, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones are released in response to stress and help prepare the body for fight-or-flight responses.
What is the key difference between a primary and secondary amine in terms of their chemical properties and reactivity?
The key difference between a primary and secondary amine is the number of carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. In a primary amine, there is one carbon atom attached to the nitrogen, while in a secondary amine, there are two carbon atoms attached. This difference affects their chemical properties and reactivity. Primary amines are more reactive than secondary amines because the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is more available for reactions in primary amines.
What is the key difference between amine and amide functional groups in organic chemistry?
The key difference between amine and amide functional groups in organic chemistry is that amines contain a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms, while amides contain a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl carbon atom.
What is the difference between Poly-amine paint and Poly-amide paint?
Poly-amines are more durable, poly-amides are more resistant to moisture.
What is fructosamine?
between sugar and a primary amine
What is the key difference between an amine and an amide in terms of their chemical structures and properties?
The key difference between an amine and an amide is in their chemical structure. Amines have a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms, while amides have a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group (CO). This structural difference leads to differences in their properties, with amines typically being more basic and amides being more stable and less basic.
What are catecholamines?
It is an amine attached to a catechol group thus the name catecholamine, they are naturally occurring hormones and nerotransmitters such as: dopamine, epinephrine & nor-epinephrine.
What relation does the boiling point of an amine have to a similar hydrocarbon?
The boiling point of an amine is typically higher than a similar hydrocarbon due to the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between amine molecules. This hydrogen bonding results in stronger attractive forces between amine molecules, requiring more energy to overcome and reach the boiling point.
