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What gland is a modified sympathetic ganglion that produces amine hormones?
The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion that produces amine hormones, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones are released in response to stress and help prepare the body for fight-or-flight responses.
What is the role of DIPEA in peptide synthesis?
DIPEA is tertiary amine used as base, but poor nucleophile. central N atom is surrounded by the two isopropyl groups and has only space to accept the hydrogen atom. Coupling of peptides occurs at slightly basic pH. HBTU converts Fmoc amino acid into active ester in presence of one equivalent of base. For this purpose DIPEA is routinely used.
How are amino acids joined?
Every amino acid has 5 main parts to it, a carbon in the middle bonded to a Hydrogen, a variable group, a carboxyl group and an amine group. The important 2 for bonding are the carboxyl group which has a carbon double bonded to an Oxygen and a single bond to a hydroxyl group. The amine group is a nitrogen group bonded to 2 hydrogen. In order to bond, the amine group of one amino acid has to align with the carboxyl group of another. Then, the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl will react with a hydrogen on the amino group to release a water in a process known as dehydration synthesis. As the water gets removed, the nitrogen from the amine group bonds to the carbon in the carboxyl, completing a peptide bond between our 2 amino acids. These peptide bonds can occur at either end of an amino acid, allowing us to make long chains of daunting length. Since amino acid sequences are often so long, the structure can easily be affected by other amino acids far away in the linear chain. On the small scale, this allows for amino acid chains that either form helices or pleated sheets. On a larger scale, the chains can make complex bonding patterns that fold back, twist, turn, and allow for the basis of all life!
Do lipids have an amine group?
No, lipids do not have an amine group. Lipids are composed of fatty acids and glycerol, which do not contain amine groups. Amines are typically found in proteins and nucleic acids.
What type of reaction joins two amino acids together?
When amino acids combine to form proteins or polypeptides a condensation reaction occurs. The carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amine group of the other molecule. One molecule of water is released and this results in C(O)NH, or a peptide bond. Condensation is the reaction: the opposite process is termed Hydrolysis.
Are peptide hormones water soluble?
Yes, peptide hormones are generally water soluble. This makes it easier for them to be transported in the bloodstream and to interact with their target cells or receptors which are often located on cell membranes.
What are the monomers of a peptide?
aminoacids aminoacids
What is a peptid bond?
A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between two amino acids in a protein. It links the carboxylic group of one amino acid to the amine group of the other.
What process produces peptide bonds?
A dehydration synthesis reaction forms peptide bonds between amino acids by removing a water molecule. In this process, the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amine group of another amino acid, resulting in the formation of a peptide bond and a dipeptide molecule.
What chemical bond is when the amine group binds to the acid group of amino acids?
That bond is called as peptide bond.
What gland is a modified sympathetic ganglion that produces amine hormones?
The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion that produces amine hormones, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones are released in response to stress and help prepare the body for fight-or-flight responses.
What is the key difference between a primary and secondary amine in terms of their chemical properties and reactivity?
The key difference between a primary and secondary amine is the number of carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. In a primary amine, there is one carbon atom attached to the nitrogen, while in a secondary amine, there are two carbon atoms attached. This difference affects their chemical properties and reactivity. Primary amines are more reactive than secondary amines because the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is more available for reactions in primary amines.
What is the specific name for the covalent bonds that form between monomers and proteins?
The specific name for the covalent bonds that form between monomers in proteins is peptide bonds. Peptide bonds link together amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, through a condensation reaction that creates a bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid.
What is the condensation polymerization reaction between 2 amino acids to form a peptide bond?
Condensation polymerization between two amino acids involves the removal of a water molecule to form a peptide bond. One amino acid donates an amine group (-NH2) while the other donates a carboxyl group (-COOH), forming a peptide bond (-CO-NH-). This reaction occurs through a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction.
What is the key difference between amine and amide functional groups in organic chemistry?
The key difference between amine and amide functional groups in organic chemistry is that amines contain a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms, while amides contain a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl carbon atom.
What are the differences between chemical structures of Peptide bond and chemical structures of Amide bond?
The formation of both the bonds is same but the term amide bond is used for simple molecules as CH3-CO-NH2 or CH3-CO-NH-CH3 etc. the term peptide bond is used for polymers where a large chain of polymer is formed due to amide bonds as in Di and poly peptide and also in proteins.
What product is formed when a carboxylic acid and an amine undergo a reaction?
When a carboxylic acid and an amine undergo a reaction, they form an amide product.
