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Q: What is the difference between the spectral lines from transitions in energy levels and the spectral lines in transition of sublevels?
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How does the spectral interference differ in inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry compared to flame?

Spectral interference occurs when spectral lines overlap. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry has more spectral interference as its higher energy allows more electron transitions.


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Frank condon principle?

The Frank-Condon Principle states that transitions between electronic states correspond to vertical lines on an energy vs. internuclear distance diagram. The basis of this principle is that electronic transitions happen on a timescale that is significantly smaller than the vibrational period of a given molecule and therefore the distance at which they happen can be assumed to be fixed during the transition. This is significant for spectroscopy because the most intense spectral lines will correspond to transitions to the vibrational state in the upper electronic state that have the most overlap with the ground vibrational state in the lower electronic state. (From Thomas Engel's Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy)


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The precise energy levels of each orbital vary depending on the nuclear charge. Since the spectral lines correspond to transitions between orbitals, each element will have different energies for these transitions, and therefore will have a unique spectrum.


Why lines are spliting in zeeman effect?

Spectral lines are produced by electrons moving from high energy orbitals to lower energy orbitals. Electrons have a quality called "spin" - they either spin "up" or "down". The spin of an electron interacts with the applied magnetic field. As a result, where there was one transition from a higher to a lower orbital, the interaction between the electron spin and the applied magnetic field creates two slightly different energy transitions, one for the spin "up" electrons and the other for the spin "down" electrons. This is what produces two spectral lines in place of the original one line.


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What has the author Charles H Corliss written?

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