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A covalent bond is formed when two or more non-metallic atoms share a pair of valence electrons.

Non-metal atoms will want to share electrons in order to obtain a full valence energy level.

  • Ionic bonds results when electrons are transferred from metal atoms to non-metal atoms
  • Recall that metals are on the left side of the Periodic Table (alkali metals and alkaline earth metals) and non-metals are on the right side (oxygen's family and the halogens, for example)
  • The metal atoms will lose valence electrons to become positive ions (cations) while the non-metal atoms will gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).
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