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A nuclear power plant is a controlled nuclear pile. Both slow and fast reactors contain radioactive material (uranium or plutonium), and are kept from going supercritical due to moderator (cadmium control rods) and coolant such as sodium or, most commonly, water.

Thus, the rate of nuclear reaction can be controlled.

However, in a nuclear bomb, the goal is (super)criticality. Two subcritical masses are brought together to form a critical/supercritical mass, or a subcritical mass is brought to criticality by implosion, increasing the density, and no control of the reaction is provided.

In this way, a nuclear bomb is allowed to reach critical mass and result in runaway nuclear reaction very quickly...or order to result in nuclear detonation.

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