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What is the differences between superior and subordinate in a business organisation?
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∙ 12y ago
In the chain of command a superior is above you and a subordinate is below you.
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∙ 12y ago
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What are the Features of functional organization structure?
•Authority - the right to make decisions and carry out tasks•Span of control - the number of people a superioris responsible for•Chain of Command - the relationship between different levels of authority in the business•Hierarchy - shows the line managementin the business and who has specific responsibilities•Delegation - authority to carry out actionspassed from superior to subordinate•Empowerment - giving responsibilities to peopleat all levels of the business to make decisions
What are the principles of direction in management?
Following principles in this case are important:(a) Principles of Unity of command. According to this principle, a person in the organisation should get orders and instructions from one superior only and he should be responsible to that superior only. Dual command, that is getting orders from more than one superior, creates conflict, confusion, disorder and instability in h organisation. Direction should follow this principle.(b) Principle of Appropriateness of Direction Technique.There are three direction techniques-authoritarian, consultative, and free-rein. Each technique has its own relative strength. Moreover, each technique can be used in different cases depending upon nature of superior and subordinate and the situational variables. Thus, that particular technique can be used which is the most appropriate at a particular time.(c) Principles of Managerial Communication. In the organisation the success depends upon effective communication between superior and his subordinates. A superior, through downward communication, passes to his subordinates order, ideas about work, etc., and through upward communication from his subordinates, he knows how his subordinates are working. Thus, effective communication both ways makes direction effective.(d) Principles of Comprehension. Direction conveys to subordinates what they have to do, how to do. Thus understanding and comprehending of what has been conveyed by superior is important for subordinates as correct understanding enables them to get clear situation and avoids unnecessary queries and explanation from superior.(e) Principle of Use of Informal Organisation. Formal organisation structure prescribes the official relationships among individuals. Besides, people working together develop certain relationships known as informal group or organisation. Through this informal group, information travels very quickly, thought sometime the information may be wrong. Management should try to understand, spot, and make use of such informal organisation for making direction most effective.(f) Principle of leadership. Leadership is the process of influencing individuals in the organisation for goal achievement. When subordinates function efficiently, organisational goals are achieved. The subordinates are influenced through the exercise of authority and exercise of leadership. However, the former course of action has a serious limitation of affecting the morale of subordinates adversely. Thus mangers need to become leaders so that they can influence the activities of their subordinates without dissatisfying them.
Assignment on difference between delegation and decentralization of authority?
BasisDelegation of AuthorityDecentralisationNatureDelegation is individual. It usually involves two persons, i.e., supervisor and subordinate.Decentralisation is totalistic in nature. It involves delegation from top management to the department or the division of sectional level.ControlControl rests with supervisor.All powers are given to concerned departments.CompulsionIt is compulsory.It is not compulsory.PurposeThe purpose of delegation is the multiplication of manager.The purpose of the decentralisation is to increase subordinate's role in the organisation.Withdrawal of AuthorityWithdrawal of authority is easy.Withdrawal of authority is difficult.SuitableIt is suitable to all organisations.It is suitable to only big organisations.RelationshipDelegation establishes superior-subordinate relationship.Decentralisation is a step towards creation of semi-autonomous units.ResponsibilityIn this, responsibility cannot be delegated.In decentralisation, responsibility can be delegated.
How can delegation of authority contribute to effective strategic management?
Delegation of AuthorityA manager alone cannot perform all the tasks assigned to him. In order to meet the targets, the manager should delegate authority. Delegation of Authority means division of authority and powers downwards to the subordinate. Delegation is about entrusting someone else to do parts of your job. Delegation of authority can be defined as subdivision and sub-allocation of powers to the subordinates in order to achieve effective results.Elements of DelegationAuthority - in context of a business organization, authority can be defined as the power and right of a person to use and allocate the resources efficiently, to take decisions and to give orders so as to achieve the organizational objectives. Authority must be well- defined. All people who have the authority should know what is the scope of their authority is and they shouldn't misutilize it. Authority is the right to give commands, orders and get the things done. The top level management has greatest authority. Authority always flows from top to bottom. It explains how a superior gets work done from his subordinate by clearly explaining what is expected of him and how he should go about it. Authority should be accompanied with an equal amount of responsibility. Delegating the authority to someone else doesn't imply escaping from accountability. Accountability still rest with the person having the utmost authority.Responsibility - is the duty of the person to complete the task assigned to him. A person who is given the responsibility should ensure that he accomplishes the tasks assigned to him. If the tasks for which he was held responsible are not completed, then he should not give explanations or excuses. Responsibility without adequate authority leads to discontent and dissatisfaction among the person. Responsibility flows from bottom to top. The middle level and lower level management holds more responsibility. The person held responsible for a job is answerable for it. If he performs the tasks assigned as expected, he is bound for praises. While if he doesn't accomplish tasks assigned as expected, then also he is answerable for that.Accountability - means giving explanations for any variance in the actual performance from the expectations set. Accountability can not be delegated. For example, if 'A' is given a task with sufficient authority, and 'A' delegates this task to B and asks him to ensure that task is done well, responsibility rest with 'B', but accountability still rest with 'A'. The top level management is most accountable. Being accountable means being innovative as the person will think beyond his scope of job. Accountability, in short, means being answerable for the end result. Accountability can't be escaped. It arises from responsibility.For achieving delegation, a manager has to work in a system and has to perform following steps : -Assignment of tasks and dutiesGranting of authorityCreating responsibility and accountabilityDelegation of authority is the base of superior-subordinate relationship, it involves following steps:-Assignment of Duties - The delegator first tries to define the task and duties to the subordinate. He also has to define the result expected from the subordinates. Clarity of duty as well as result expected has to be the first step in delegation.Granting of authority - Subdivision of authority takes place when a superior divides and shares his authority with the subordinate. It is for this reason, every subordinate should be given enough independence to carry the task given to him by his superiors. The managers at all levels delegate authority and power which is attached to their job positions. The subdivision of powers is very important to get effective results.Creating Responsibility and Accountability - The delegation process does not end once powers are granted to the subordinates. They at the same time have to be obligatory towards the duties assigned to them. Responsibility is said to be the factor or obligation of an individual to carry out his duties in best of his ability as per the directions of superior. Responsibility is very important. Therefore, it is that which gives effectiveness to authority. At the same time, responsibility is absolute and cannot be shifted. Accountability, on the others hand, is the obligation of the individual to carry out his duties as per the standards of performance. Therefore, it is said that authority is delegated, responsibility is created and accountability is imposed. Accountability arises out of responsibility and responsibility arises out of authority. Therefore, it becomes important that with every authority position an equal and opposite responsibility should be attached.Therefore every manager,i.e.,the delegator has to follow a system to finish up the delegation process. Equally important is the delegatee's role which means his responsibility and accountability is attached with the authority over to here.Relationship between Authority and ResponsibilityAuthority is the legal right of person or superior to command his subordinates while accountability is the obligation of individual to carry out his duties as per standards of performance Authority flows from the superiors to subordinates,in which orders and instructions are given to subordinates to complete the task. It is only through authority, a manager exercises control. In a way through exercising the control the superior is demanding accountability from subordinates. If the marketing manager directs the sales supervisor for 50 units of sale to be undertaken in a month. If the above standards are not accomplished, it is the marketing manager who will be accountable to the chief executive officer. Therefore, we can say that authority flows from top to bottom and responsibility flows from bottom to top. Accountability is a result of responsibility and responsibility is result of authority. Therefore, for every authority an equal accountability is attached.Differences between Authority and ResponsibilityAuthorityResponsibilityIt is the legal right of a person or a superior to command his subordinates.It is the obligation of subordinate to perform the work assigned to him.Authority is attached to the position of a superior in concern.Responsibility arises out of superior-subordinate relationship in which subordinate agrees to carry out duty given to him.Authority can be delegated by a superior to a subordinateResponsibility cannot be shifted and is absoluteIt flows from top to bottom.It flows from bottom to top.
What are prerequisites for effective delegation of authority?
managers must consider the following before going for delegation of his authority to subordinates: - 1. the person to whom the authority is to be given is well aware of the task he should perform. 2. the person must be trust worthy 3. he must be having relevant experience 4. the superior should not feel the fear of competition 5. the subordinate must concern him before taking the decision to avoid errors or wrong decisions.
What is opposite of subordinate?
The opposite of subordinate (secondary) could be primary, main, predominant, or major.The opposite of subordinate (in authority) could be superior, senior, or ranking.The opposite of the noun subordinate (underling) could be boss, chief, superior, supervisor, or director.
Who is held accountablefor when power is delegated to a subordinate?
Even with the delegation of power, the immediate superior still holds accountability for the task and the decisions made by the subordinate. Command responsibility refers to a superior's responsibility and accountability over decisions and actions made by subordinate or any other appointed personnel or officer.
What does deputy mean?
A deputy is someone who is a subordinate. Powers or duties are "deputed" to a deputy by his or her superior.
What is the opposite of supreme?
The opposite of the adjective superior is inferior.The opposite of the noun superior may be subordinate, minion, or underling.
What are People of high official position or rank called?
Subordinate or the inferior depending on how you are using it
Is alcade of sevilla superior to president of junta andalucia in Spain?
No. The Sevilla Superior is one of the constituent provinces of the Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía and is therefore subordinate to the Junta de Andalucía.
Which is an example of a military custom?
One of the oldest and most common is the salute. When a superior and a subordinate meet, the junior salutes the senior- and it is returned by the senior.
Established by a superior commander between subordinate commanders when one organization should aid protect complement or sustain another force?
support
What are the importance of communication and business organization?
Communication is life and life is communication. It starts with birth and continues till death. The very success of an organization is built upon effective communication. It establishes relationship between the superior and the subordinate, and the quality of relationship revolves around the nature of communication.
Which command relationship is established by a superior commander between subordinate commands when one organization is needed to aid protect complement or sustain another?
A support relationship.
What are the Features of functional organization structure?
•Authority - the right to make decisions and carry out tasks•Span of control - the number of people a superioris responsible for•Chain of Command - the relationship between different levels of authority in the business•Hierarchy - shows the line managementin the business and who has specific responsibilities•Delegation - authority to carry out actionspassed from superior to subordinate•Empowerment - giving responsibilities to peopleat all levels of the business to make decisions
What are central features of organisational structure?
•Authority - the right to make decisions and carry out tasks•Span of control - the number of people a superioris responsible for•Chain of Command - the relationship between different levels of authority in the business•Hierarchy - shows the line managementin the business and who has specific responsibilities•Delegation - authority to carry out actionspassed from superior to subordinate•Empowerment - giving responsibilities to peopleat all levels of the business to make decisions
