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This is a simple concept when visualized but can be difficult to understand in written form. Single phase essentially has the same phase or position on the wave throughout the entire circuit. Anywhere you measure along the wires in the circuit the voltage will be at the same phase, maximum, minimum, increasing or decreasing and the will only be two wires, supply and return.

Three phase has three wires and each wire will be at a different point or phase on the wave at any given time. This is a more efficient way to transport electricity and connecting between any two of the wires will give a single phase circuit. Three phase is also used with three bulbs to light rotating machinery, this will prevent a strobe effect that can make the machine look like it is not moving.

My examples are not perfect but, close enough and an animation of three would make it very obvious.

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Q: What is the differentiation between single phase and three phase circuit?
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