In a direct line, it is 104 kilometres (65 miles) from Nazareth to Jerusalem, although any land journey across the mountainous terrain of Samaria and northern Judah must be somewhat longer. However, in the first century, it would have been dangerous for a Jew to traverse Samaria. Jews would have taken a much longer route across the River Jordan and through the Decapolis.
In Luke's Gospel, Joseph and Mary would have taken the longer route across the River Jordan for their own safety, both on the way south and then back.
In Matthew's Gospel, the young family had never been to Nazareth prior to the return from Jerusalem. They probably did not go to Jerusalem, which would still have been dangerous for them, but most likely crossed the Jordan somewhere to the south and then followed the route east of the river until they reached the Decapolis ( Matthew 2:22-23: "he turned aside into the parts of Galilee: And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth...")
Both are inland. In the early part of the first century, Nazareth was a small, rural hamlet in Galilee, well inland from the Mediterranean Sea. Jerusalem is an inland city in what was then called Judea.
Nazareth.
There does appear to have been a small town at Nazareth during the latter part of the first century CE. What is still uncertain is whether this town was established after the destruction of Jerusalem in the year 70, or whether it existed much earlier. Because of the gospels, scholars take the view that there must have been a small village there at the beginning of the century, but that it must have been no more than a rural hamlet of just a few houses.
The Gospels say in Nazareth, about 16 miles west of the Sea of Galilee. The modern town of Nazareth may or may not have been the site of the one mentioned in the Gospels as the location was not formally defined in Christian Tradition until the fourth century (301 AD to 400 AD) under Emperor Constantine and is not mentioned in any existing Jewish texts written before the third century (201 AD to 300 AD).
In the 1st Century (AD) the Romans. However time can not flow backwards from then to a destruction of Jerusalem in 70 (BC).
The Muslims.
Of course. Jerusalem had slaves until the Ottoman Empire banned slavery in the 19th century.
The distance between Century, Florida and Walla Walla, Washington it is 2,510 miles.
No. Jerusalem is in Israel/Palestine, which is situated on the southwest end of Asia. The universally accepted border between Africa and Asia is the Suez Canal, which is 175 miles west of Jerusalem.
Christianity began in the 1st century AD in Jerusalem.
Basically, the same as it is today in Jerusalem.
Archaeological finds in Nazareth that might date from before Christ have been found including irrigation systems and other agricultural structures, winepresses, watchtowers, pottery, and quarries.