I think you mean the distance from the Earth to the Sun. This distance is measured in Astronomical Units (AU)
The distance from Sun to Earth is called an astronomical unit.
The sun! :-P
perihelion
That's called its 'perigee'.
There is no planet called Jupisaturn.
Aphelion.
The distance from the earth to the sun is called an astronomical unit. 1 Astronomical Unit = 4.90807087 × 1011 feet
The average distance of a planet to the sun is the Semi-major axis. The furthest it gets is the Aphelion and the closest it gets is its Perihelion. The Sun to Earth Distance is also known as one Astronomical Unit (AU).
An astronomical unit or AU
It is called a star
The point in earth's orbit where it is closest to the sun is called "perihelion".
The point in a planet's orbit where it reaches its maximum distance from the Sun is called the Aphelion.
Aphelion