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We can't run a measuring tape out to the nearer stars, and it would take too long to bounce a radar pulse off of them (even if it would work!) so we have to use other, less precise measurements.

For "nearby" stars - less than a couple hundred light years or so - we can measure their parallax. We take an observation of a nearby star and note the very distant background stars. We repeat that same observation 6 months later, when the Earth is on the other side of its orbit, and see the difference in the nearby star's position relative to the distant stars. This is called parallax, and a star that has a parallax shift of one second of arc is one "parallax-second of arc" - or one "parsec" - in distance. One parsec is approximately 3.26 light years.

The limitations should be obvious. The more distant the star, the less the parallax shift, and at some point, we can't measure the difference accurately enough. We have to be sure to select "distant background stars" that are REALLY distant, and how can we know that they are really distant when all of our distance measurements are guesses to begin with?

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14y ago

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