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Radius
pi*radius squared*velocity
Laminar flow is the free-flowing blood in the middle of the vessel. Therefore, larger the radius of vessel, more the laminar flow. Smaller the radius of vessel, lesss the laminar flow. Laminar flow is directly reltated to the radius of a vessel.
The relationship between blood flow through a vessel and the radius of the vessel can be expressed as BF=1/pi r4 (where pi is equal to 3.14.....). So a change in the radius of a vessel has a large effect on the blood flow through the vessel.
I have no opinion until I see the complete experimental set-up.
Depends on the internal diameter, and the flow velocity. Velocity of water = Delta V Internal Radius= R RxRxV= Volume
Since increasing density increases the Renold's Number of a flowing fluid, it should increase flow.
A blood vessel's radius has a larger effect on the body than the vessels length because more blood can flow through a larger blood vessel. A change in the radius will have more of a affect.
Volumes can be the same if you lengthen the time of inhalation or exhalation but your flows will be reduced significantly. The effect of radius on air flow is a relationship that is to the power of 4. As an example, if you decrease the radius by half, the flow rate is reduced to 1/16th of the original (1/2 squared and then squared again). This is why a slight reduction in radius can be quite severe. For asthmatics and those with COPD, the problem often isn't getting air in as much as getting air out.
Angiotensin II has 4 effects: (overall effect is to increase Blood Pressure and Blood Volume) - 1. The adrenal cortex (Zona Glomerulosa) 2. Triple effect on the Nervous System 3. Supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus 4. Vasoconstricts smooth muscle - 1. There are Angiotensin II receptors in the Zona Glomerulosa - stimulates release of Aldosterone - 2. Direct effect on the sympathetic nervous system, increasing output. Second effect on postganglionic nerve endings inhibiting the reabsorption of Norepinephrine (i.e. increasing concentration of neurotransmitter - increasing stimulation). Third effect on reception of tissue to NE. - 3. Stimulates Supraoptic nucleus to release Anti Diuretic Hormone - 4. Direct effect on smooth muscle of a. venous system (increasing venous return, stroke volume and therefore contractility of heart muscle and cardiac output - increasing systolic blood pressure). b. arterial system (increasing resistance to blood flow, and increasing diastolic blood pressure).
radial flow is flow along the radius
Flow rate= radius to the fourth power