The quadriceps femoris muscle.
The quadriceps group of muscles. Rectus Femoris more specifically.
In order to provoke the patellar reflex one must strike the patellar tendon with a tendon hammer (and only a tendon hammer, striking with an ordinary hammer is ill-advised). In other words, strike the region immediately below the patella.
Yes, the effector of a skeletal muscle is part of a somatic reflex. Somatic reflexes involve the contraction of skeletal muscles in response to a stimulus, and the effector in this case is the skeletal muscle itself that carries out the response.
no
The paper of Jamieson et al. on this subject concludes the following: There is no plausible reason that TKA should affect the patellar tendon reflex. Despite this, in clinical practice TKA is often thought to be responsible for absent patellar tendon reflexes. This study supports the hypothesis that there is no effect of TKA on patellar tendon reflexes. Jamieson R, Flynn J, Love D. Does total knee arthroplasty affect the patellar tendon reflex? AMJ 2010, 1, 2, 183-185. Doi 10.4066/AMJ.2010.196
A. abdominal reflex B. Achilles jerk D. corneal reflex E. crossed extensor reflex F. gag reflex G. patellar reflex H. plantar reflex
Patellar fx is shorthand for patellar fracture, or a broken kneecap.
Skeletal muscles, which are effectors, are involved in somatic reflexes. Somatic reflexes involve voluntary control of skeletal muscles and are part of the somatic nervous system. Autonomic reflexes, on the other hand, involve the control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands, and are part of the autonomic nervous system.
1. Receptor 2. Sensory (Afferent) Nerves 3. Intermediate Nerve Fiber (Association Nerves) 4. Motor Nerves 5. Effector Organ
At four years old, children typically exhibit reflexes such as the knee-jerk reflex, which is tested by tapping the patellar tendon just below the kneecap to elicit a quick extension of the lower leg. They may also display the plantar reflex, where stroking the sole of the foot causes the toes to curl. These reflexes help to assess the functioning of the nervous system in young children.
Testing the integrity of the L4 to S2 nerve roots typically involves assessing reflexes such as the patellar reflex (L4) and Achilles reflex (S1-S2). These reflexes can give an indication of any potential nerve compression or damage in the lower back and lower extremities.
A reflex arc involves the following components:The receptor is the part of the neuron (usually a dendrite) that detects a stimulus.The sensory neuron transmits the impulse to the spinal cord.The integration center involves one synapse (monosynaptic reflex arc) or two or more synapses (polysynaptic reflex arc) in the gray matter of the spinal cord.A motor neuron transmits a nerve impulse from the spinal cord to a peripheral region.An effector is a muscle or gland that receives the impulse from the motor neuron. In somatic reflexes, the effector is skeletal muscle. In autonomic (visceral) reflexes, the effector is smooth or cardiac muscle, or a gland.