28973% of the speed of 6799003%
Aerobic Energy Pathway
Efficiency of a respiration pathway refers to the amount of energy produced by the pathway relative to the amount of energy input. A highly efficient pathway will produce more ATP (energy) per unit of substrate consumed, resulting in greater energy yield for the organism.
Energy is released in the proton-proton chain reaction because when protons combine to form helium nuclei, a small amount of mass is converted into energy according to Einstein's famous equation, Emc2. This energy is released in the form of gamma rays and neutrinos.
Proton-Proton
1.5x10^-10
Hydrogen (essentially a proton-proton reaction)
The speed of the proton can be calculated using the formula for kinetic energy: KE = 1/2 mv^2, where KE is the kinetic energy, m is the mass of the proton, and v is the speed of the proton. The potential energy gained by the proton is equal to qV, where q is the charge of the proton and V is the potential difference. Setting the potential energy gained equal to the kinetic energy, we can solve for v.
to have a proton come out of a nucleus the atom must be a large radioactive element, meaning its so big its unstable and particles come off. the particles that are released is the radiation so the proton is called alpha radiation the energy is purely its high speed momentum. the energy of a proton coming of a nucleus is technically mechanical energy.
The aerobic pathway produces more energy than the anaerobic pathway. Aerobic respiration generates a much higher yield of ATP molecules from glucose compared to anaerobic fermentation. Anaerobic metabolism is a less efficient process that produces ATP without the use of oxygen.
A proton with high energy and momentum is required to initiate a nuclear reaction. When this high-energy proton collides with another nucleus, it can cause it to undergo fission or fusion, releasing a large amount of energy.
The cyclic pathway of ATP formation primarily functions to transfer electrons between electron carriers in order to generate a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This proton gradient is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Protons all have positive charge, so they repel each other. It takes work to push two protons closer together, so you're putting energy into them (potential energy increases). If you let go, the potential energy is released when the protons fly apart; it becomes kinetic energy.