Catholicism IS Christianity.
The first emperor to legalize Christianity is Constantine
first of all........christianity has never ended
The first tribute wolf muttation to approach was Glimmer.
The first is said to have been Constantine who, although made Chrisitianity acceptable within the Empire in circa 314 AD, it is believed he continued in his worshipping of the sun until his death bed when he converted to Christianity. See related link below:
The first believers in Christianity lived in Jerusalem and in the area around the Sea of Galilee.
Read the Book of Acts in the Bible. This is where Christianity began. See also question "Why did Christianity originate"
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There is no specific year, but circumcision of converts to Christianity was very rare to begin with. As is evident in the epistles of Paul and Peter, the practice was debated from the first first days of the church. By the end of the first century the Epistles of Paul were widely read, and by this time circumcision of converts had likely ended completely.
Constantine was the first Roman emperor to legalize and make Christianity equal to other religions.Constantine was the first Roman emperor to legalize and make Christianity equal to other religions.Constantine was the first Roman emperor to legalize and make Christianity equal to other religions.Constantine was the first Roman emperor to legalize and make Christianity equal to other religions.Constantine was the first Roman emperor to legalize and make Christianity equal to other religions.Constantine was the first Roman emperor to legalize and make Christianity equal to other religions.Constantine was the first Roman emperor to legalize and make Christianity equal to other religions.Constantine was the first Roman emperor to legalize and make Christianity equal to other religions.Constantine was the first Roman emperor to legalize and make Christianity equal to other religions.
Saint Peter is believed to be the first pope of the Catholicism movement within Christianity.Roman Catholic AnswerSt. Peter was not the founder of any religion, he was the first Vicar of Christ, and the only one appointed by Our Blessed Lord, Himself. So, St. Peter was the first Pope of the Christian Church, although the word Pope was not in use yet. And, believe it or not, there was never a "Catholic movement within Christianity", there has only been Christianity, which has always been Catholic since the first century, when our Blessed Lord, Himself, started it at Pentecost.
The question is too vague to answer. Do you mean the Early Church in the First Century? Or are you referring to Christianity in the modern world? Christianity today is far too broad and diverse to speak of any specific "partners of leadership." OTOH, an answer could be given in reference to a specific "Church" in a certain nation, or a denomination or sect within Christianity. For example, the Pope is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, and he has no "partners" as such.