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There is no single mathematical formula for all of natural selection. Although, if you're interested in mathematical descriptions of natural selection, I can recommend you read a few books on population genetics, such as Principles of Population Genetics, by Hartl and Clark.

Natural selection occurs when:

- There exists a population of organisms that reproduce with variation.

- Variant features are inherited by offspring.

- The population produces more offspring than can comfortably subsist within its direct environment.

- Variant offspring therefore have to compete with one another for resources and mating opportunities.

Simply put: the traits of those variants that are better at producing offspring will have a greater frequency in future generations.

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Q: What is the formula for natural selection?
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