A 90 degree rotation is a quarter of a turn.
(x, y)-----> (-x, -y)
(x, y)-----> (-x, -y)
In 2-dimensions, the formula for rotation through d degrees is [post-]multiplication by the matrix [cos(d) sin(d)] [-sin(d) cos(d)]
C2H4Cl2 (dichloroethane) has tetrahedral geometry around both carbon atoms. The geometry can be changed from free rotation to restricted rotation which has the formula of C2H2Cl2.
The relevant formula here is:centrifugal acceleration = omega squared x radiusomega (the angular speed) doesn't change in this formula (for the situation under consideration), but "radius", the distance from the axis of rotation, does.
follow this formula (x,y)->(-y,x)
The rotation matrix for a 90° rotation is [[0,-1],[1,0]] More simply, if our shape is a function of x and y, we swap x and y and then negate y. For instance: if our function is y=x, then the 90° rotation would be x=-y
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Internal rotation refers to the rotation towards the axis of the body. External rotation refers to the rotation away from the center of the body.
rotation...rotation.
I don't think it's a special name, but it looks similar to the definition of torque. To be precise, torque is the product of the force, the distance from the axis of rotation, and the since of the angle.