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Q: What is the formula to determine how far away is an object whose echo takes 9 seconds to return?
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What is formula for calculating range from pulse rate of radar?

Pulse rate is either set up by the operator or the equipment designer. Range of some detected object is determined by the speed of light and the distance of the object causing the return signal pulse, using the formula: distance= velocity of light multiplied by half the time delay for the return echo.


Does radar determine the size of an object?

Radar is usually used only to determine where something is, not how large it is, because the strength of the reflection depends upon the reflectivity of the surface, the distance of the object, and the size of the object; a large wooden object can return less of a signal than a much smaller metal object, for example. It's too complicated a problem. But if you already know that you are looking, let us say, for an airplane, then radar is very good at showing you where the plane is.


What state does an object return to when it discharges static electricity?

Probably neutral.


What is active sonar?

A transponder makes a sound in the fluid, and the time it takes the return pulse to arrive allows one to determine distance, and the direction the return pulse comes from tells the direction to the reflecting surface. How it works is that, when a sound signal is sent into the water, part of it will be reflected back when it hits an object. The distance to the object can then be determined by measuring the time between when the signal was sent and when the echo is received. Active sonar differes from passive sonar because in passive sonar, the operator listens to sounds emitted by the object one is trying to locate. Passive sonar uses the sounds emitted by objects such as ships, submarines and creatures such as marine mammals and fish to determine their location


How is radar used to determind the speed of object?

Radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging) transmits high-frequency, short-wavelength radio waves at the moving object and receives waves reflected from the object. If the object is not moving, the waves bounce back at the same frequency they were transmitted at, and you can determine the distance by how long they take to return. If the object is moving towards the detector, the frequency is higher because each cycle travels a slightly smaller distance, hence returns faster (the Doppler effect). If the object is moving away, the frequency is slower for the same reason. The difference is, at low speeds, proportional to the speed of the object. If the object approaches the speed of light, relativity messes up this simple relationship. So, if the object moves towards you at 100 wavelengths of the radar wave per second, the received frequency will be 100Hz (or cycles per second) faster than the transmitted frequency. Since you are generating the radar wave at a known frequency, you know the wavelength also. Continuous wave/doppler radar has a problem if the object is travelling obliquely to the receiver; the shift is not as pronounced as it would be on an object traveling directly toward or away from the receiver. This is where pulse radar comes into it's own. Bang out a narrow pulse then 'listen' for a return echo. The time it takes to return gives the distance. Because the antenna rotation speed is constant, if the object moves obliquely then the angular difference between returns can be used to determine the speed.

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What is formula for calculating range from pulse rate of radar?

Pulse rate is either set up by the operator or the equipment designer. Range of some detected object is determined by the speed of light and the distance of the object causing the return signal pulse, using the formula: distance= velocity of light multiplied by half the time delay for the return echo.


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Does radar determine the size of an object?

Radar is usually used only to determine where something is, not how large it is, because the strength of the reflection depends upon the reflectivity of the surface, the distance of the object, and the size of the object; a large wooden object can return less of a signal than a much smaller metal object, for example. It's too complicated a problem. But if you already know that you are looking, let us say, for an airplane, then radar is very good at showing you where the plane is.