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The flue gases, after leaving the main boiler and the superheater, will still be hot. The energy in these flue gases are used to preheat the already preheated feed water once more by means of the economizer. The economizer is a heat exchanger mounted in the first part of the chimney to improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler. In broad terms a 10°C increase in feed water temperature entering the boiler will give an efficiency improvement of 2% of last mentioned.

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