The normal RDW ( width of each Red Blood Cell) level is 10.2 to 14.5%. It is important to keep in mind that the ranges mentioned above will be different depending on the machine used to do the blood test. Immunoglobulin M, or IgM for short, is a basic antibody that is produced by B cells. It is the first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to an antigen (foreign substance).
It functions to defend the body against pathogens. It is the initial immunoglobulin that responds and is more dominant in the first exposure. on the second exposure to the same pathogen. IgG is more dominant.
1. Antigen binding
Immunoglobulins bind specifically to one or a few closely related antigens. Each immunoglobulin actually binds to a specific antigenic determinant. Antigen binding by antibodies is the primary function of antibodies and can result in protection of the host. The valency of antibody refers to the number of antigenic determinants that an individual antibody molecule can bind. The valency of all antibodies is at least two and in some instances more.
B. Effector Functions
Frequently the binding of an antibody to an antigen has no direct biological effect. Rather, the significant biological effects are a consequence of secondary "effector functions" of antibodies. The immunoglobulins mediate a variety of these effector functions. Usually the ability to carry out a particular effector function requires that the antibody bind to its antigen. Not every immunoglobulin will mediate all effector functions. Such effector functions include:
A. Fixation of complement - This results in lysis of cells and release of biologically active molecules )
B. Binding to various cell types - Phagocytic cells, lymphocytes, platelets, mast cells, and basophils have receptors that bind immunoglobulins. This binding can activate the cells to perform some function. Some immunoglobulins also bind to receptors on placental trophoblasts, which results in transfer of the immunoglobulin across the placenta. As a result, the transferred maternal antibodies provide immunity to the fetus and newborn
IgG
Immunoglobulin is a general term referring to a sort of protein in the immune system which is generally synonymous with the term Antibody. Rhogam is a treatment administered to pregnant women which are bloodtype Rh- but carrying bloodtype Rh+ fetuses. This prevents hemolytic disease of the newborn in which mom's immune system recognizes the baby as foreign and begins attacking the baby's cells. Rhogam is a type of polyclonal antibody (pooled from the serum of many different women) treatment (aka an immunoglobulin) which essentially "tricks" mom's immune system into thinking she already has immunity to the baby's cells that are being recognized as "foreign". Therefore, mom's immune cells are tricked into ignoring the baby's cells and thus not attacking them. This is a very basic and crude definition, I suggest a textbook for more detailed explanation.
There are two types of immunity Humoral & Cell-mediated ; in humoral immunity plasma cells produces specific antibodies against a particular antigen that may invade the boby.
What function of the bundle of his
histamine is actually the wrong answer! it is interferons (which are proteins) and they are called that because they "interfere" with the virus.
also called gamma globulin electrophoresis, or immunoglobulin electrophoresis, is a method of determining the blood levels of three major immunoglobulins: immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin A (IgA).
There are five immunoglobulin classes (isotypes) of antibody molecules found in serum: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD. IgA (immunoglobulin A) IgD (immunoglobulin D) IgE (immunoglobulin E) IgG (immunoglobulin G) IgM (immunoglobulin M)
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) typically makes up about 5-10% of the total immunoglobulin content in the plasma. It is the largest antibody produced by the immune system and is important in the initial immune response to infections.
The class of immunoglobulin to respond to the fist exposure of an antigen is immunoglobulin class M (IgM). While Immunoglobulin G (IgG) would predominate on the second exposure.
what is immunoglobulin for
The class of immunoglobulin that is produced in the primary immune response is Immmunoglobulin M (IgM). On secondary exposure, the class that predominates would be Immunoglobulin G (IgG).
Immunoglobulin deficiencies are the result of congenital defects affecting the development and function of B lymphocytes (B-cells). There are two main points in the development of B-cells when defects can occur. First.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
what does an elevated immunoglobulin after thyroidectomy indiate
IgA is the main immunoglobulin of the respiratory tract.
one way is that it needs to produce a lot of cytokine and immunoglobulin which involves protein synthesis so it has a lot of ribosomes.
1. Surface Immunoglobulin (slg) 2. Membrane Immunoglobulin (mlg)