kantotan tayo
mitochondria inner membrane
From the intermembrane space to the inner matrix
According to another answer to a similar question here on this site, "The intermembrane space has the lowest pH, highest concentration of H+, due to the gradient created by the electron transport chain."
A good portion of the energy from the electron movement is used to pump H+ across a gradient.
The electron transport chain converts energy stored in hydrogen ions and various other substances formed in early cellular respiration to produce high energy ATP in mitochondria. Mitochondria contain both an inner and an outer membrane, and it is along the inner membrane that the actual reactions of the chain occur. Inside the inner membrane a surplus of hydrogen ions is created that produces a concentration gradient across the membrane to the intermembrane space. This gradient causes a force that pushes hydrogen ions out of the innermost matrix and into the intermembrane space. This exchange occurs through special proteins called ATP synthase that convert low energy ADP into high energy ATP whenever a hydrogen ion is sent through one. When all is said and done, the excess electrons and hydrogen are bonded to oxygen to form water molecules.
mitochondria inner membrane
From the intermembrane space to the inner matrix
kantotan tayo
intermembrane space
By pumping protons into intermembrane space
The intermembrane space.
If hydrogen ion concentration in the inter membrane space and matrix of a mitocondria reach equilibrium then ATP synthase, which relies on a high concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space will work slower, letting less hydrogen ions into the matrix, while proteins in the electron transport chain pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space at a faster rate, destroying the equilibrium.
To the intermembrane space
Protons are pumped across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space.
The electrons move
The parts of a chloroplast are thylakoid, grana, inner membrane, outer membrane, intermembrane space, stroma, and stroma.
The parts of a chloroplast are thylakoid, grana, inner membrane, outer membrane, intermembrane space, stroma, and stroma.