In an Ethernet frame, FCS stands for "Frame Check Sequence". It is a four-octet
field used to verify that the frame was received without loss or error. The method
used for verification is known as a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).
1)Source and destination MAC Address 2)FCS Field
The content-type header field is used to explain what the body of the text is about. Specific media types and other details pertaining to the message can be specified in the field.
Some common optical line coding methods include Non-return-to-zero (NRZ), Return-to-zero (RZ), Manchester encoding, Differential Manchester encoding, and amplitude-shift keying (ASK). These methods are used in optical communication systems to convert digital data into optical signals for transmission over optical fibers.
in tcp header (32 bits) we have a field that is called options and padding that has variable in length and the header length shows the actual header size i.e size of 20 octets+size of options and padding field and in UDP we dont have any field like that and its header is fixed of 8 OCTETS (32 bits header size) refrence: WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS by William Stallings Second Edition pg 91(see fig)
An Ethernet frame has a 14 byte header, a data section, and a 4 byte trailer 14 byte header consist of destination address, source address and type The trailer is for CRC (Cyclic redundancy Check) An Ethernet frame can contain an IP and TCP PDU. IP header most important parts consists of (Version,IHL, Total length,Protocol, source and destination address) In details (Version,Header length,Differentiated services field, total Length, Identification, Flags, fragment offset, Time to live, protocol, header checksum, source and destination address). TCP header most important parts consists of (Source port, Destination port and header Length) In details (Source Port, Destination Port, Sequence number, Acknowledgment number, Header length,Flags,Window and check sum). The details of the IP and TCP header have been taken from a Network protocol Analyzer Wireshark on my own pc.
Type
type
type
type
Header is always a multiple of 4bytes and so we can have a maximum length of the field as 15, so maximum size of the header is 60 bytes out of which 20 bytes are mandatory.
The protocol field, in the IP header, identifies what kind of data is in the IP packet - the upper-layer protocol. For example, if the code is 6, that means that the data is a TCP segment.
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