In an Ethernet frame, FCS stands for "Frame Check Sequence". It is a four-octet
field used to verify that the frame was received without loss or error. The method
used for verification is known as a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).
1)Source and destination MAC Address 2)FCS Field
An Ethernet header is a portion of data that precedes the payload in an Ethernet frame, containing essential information for data transmission over a network. It typically includes the source and destination MAC addresses, the EtherType field to indicate the protocol used in the payload, and other control information. The header enables devices on a local area network (LAN) to identify and process the incoming frames correctly. In standard Ethernet frames, the header is usually 14 bytes long.
The content-type header field is used to explain what the body of the text is about. Specific media types and other details pertaining to the message can be specified in the field.
Yes, padding is needed for an Ethernet frame if the IP packet is only 60 bytes and the Length/Type field (LCC) is not in use. Ethernet frames must be at least 64 bytes in total, including the header and trailer. Since the Ethernet header is 14 bytes and the trailer (Frame Check Sequence) is 4 bytes, the total without padding is 78 bytes. Therefore, 0 bytes of padding are needed because the total frame size exceeds the minimum requirement.
in tcp header (32 bits) we have a field that is called options and padding that has variable in length and the header length shows the actual header size i.e size of 20 octets+size of options and padding field and in UDP we dont have any field like that and its header is fixed of 8 OCTETS (32 bits header size) refrence: WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS by William Stallings Second Edition pg 91(see fig)
An Ethernet frame has a 14 byte header, a data section, and a 4 byte trailer 14 byte header consist of destination address, source address and type The trailer is for CRC (Cyclic redundancy Check) An Ethernet frame can contain an IP and TCP PDU. IP header most important parts consists of (Version,IHL, Total length,Protocol, source and destination address) In details (Version,Header length,Differentiated services field, total Length, Identification, Flags, fragment offset, Time to live, protocol, header checksum, source and destination address). TCP header most important parts consists of (Source port, Destination port and header Length) In details (Source Port, Destination Port, Sequence number, Acknowledgment number, Header length,Flags,Window and check sum). The details of the IP and TCP header have been taken from a Network protocol Analyzer Wireshark on my own pc.
The checksum field in a TCP header is used to verify the integrity of the TCP segment during transmission. It checks for errors that may have occurred in the data, ensuring that the segment received is the same as the one sent. The checksum is calculated over the TCP header and the data payload, and the receiver recalculates the checksum to confirm its accuracy. If the checksums do not match, the segment is considered corrupted and is typically discarded.
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In the context of HTTP headers, "CD" typically refers to "Content-Disposition." This header field is used to indicate how the content should be displayed or handled by the browser, such as whether it should be displayed inline or treated as an attachment to be downloaded. The Content-Disposition header can specify a filename for the downloaded file and control how the content is presented to the user.