Manned aircraft do not (and cannot) go into space. The clue is in the name aircraft - they rely on aerodynamics (therefore an atmosphere) in order to fly.
No, there hasn't.
As of now, there are no manned space probes in space. All probes sent beyond Earth's orbit are unmanned and controlled remotely from Earth. Manned missions have been limited to spacecraft that carry astronauts, such as the International Space Station or missions to the Moon.
Manned space missions have carried their crew members to low-earth orbit, to lunar orbit, and to the surface of the moon. The most recent manned lunar orbits and lunar landings took place 38 years ago.
No. The only manned space missions have been to the Moon.
The latest spacecraft used for manned flights is SpaceX's Crew Dragon, which is used by NASA for missions to the International Space Station. Crew Dragon is designed to transport astronauts to and from space, and it has been used for several successful manned missions since 2020.
It may not be very far into space, but the space lab is in space, and every time they launch the shuttle it's a manned space flight. As to why not more ... it's expensive and dangerous, and congress would rather spend money building a bridge to nowhere.
Yes, Dr. Richard M. Linnehan was a mission specialist on several manned space flights.
The development of rocket propulsion technology using liquid fuels has been crucial in enabling manned space exploration. Rockets are powered by liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, allowing spacecraft to generate the necessary thrust to escape Earth's gravity and travel into space.
All satellites, rovers, manned and unmanned rocketships
Manned space travel to Titan is not yet feasible, but probes have been there already.
All satellites, rovers, manned and unmanned rocketships
All satellites, rovers, manned and unmanned rocketships