It started more than 200 years ago, with the invention of the metric system.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI#History
Answer
In 1948, the General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) charged an international committee, the CIPM*, to 'study the establishment of a complete set of rules for (metric) units of measurement'.
The outcome of this study was a rational system of metric units termed 'SI'.
There are 7 base SI units and all other are defined using these 7 base units. See the related question below:[http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_all_the_SI_unitsWhat are all SI units?]
The principal SI units used to derive all other SI units are the base SI units. These are the units for physical quantities such as length, time, mass, electric current, temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity.
Seven metric base units make up the foundation of SI. And Specific combinations of SI base units yield derived units. That's why the differ.
There are 7 base SI units and all other are defined using these 7 base units. See the related question below:[http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_all_the_SI_unitsWhat are all SI units?]
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A Joule in SI base units is: 1 kg · m2/s2
SI is a base 10 standardized system
A Joule in SI base units is: 1 kg · m2/s2
The SI base unit for temperature is the kelvin.
Kelvin The SI base unit of temperature is the kelvin.
The base (SI) unit is meter.
The SI has 7 base units. These units can be combined in an almost unlimited way to form other (derived) units. The Wikipedia article on "SI derived units" lists some examples.