It is called ferromagnitisum .
Permanent magnets
Unpaired electons (which is to say, electrons not paired with another electron of opposite spin).
Temporary magnet: good example is an electromagnet. It maintains magnetic attraction only so long as an electric current surrounds it. Permanent magnet: most common. Example: bar magnet. Will maintain magnetic properties for quite a while, although they can be eventually demagnetized.
magnetic attraction
The word magnetic, or the word ferromagnetic refer to materials that can be attracted by magnets.
Those are called permanent magnets. Due to their metallic property to exchange electrons between the atoms the material acquires a permanent one sided quantum spin, producing permanent magnetic field.
Magnets attract or repel other magnets thanks to something called the magnetic force.
Magnetic Repulsion
A magnetometer is a device used to measure the intensity and direction of a magnetic field.
The materials attracted by magnets are called magenetic materials.
They are called the magnetic field lines.
It is called Magnetism. You have probably learned about it in school