So carbon has 6 electrons. These fill the 1s orbital. Depending on how it is bonding, it may be 2s2 2p2, but it is more often a hybrid of 2s1, 2p3 (sp3, sp2 and sp hybridisation).
The outermost electrons of an atom, also known as valence electrons, have higher energy levels compared to the inner electrons. Valence electrons are involved in chemical bonding and interactions with other atoms, while inner electrons are more tightly bound to the nucleus and have lower energy levels.
A selenium atom has 36 inner shell electrons. This includes electrons in the first (2 electrons) and second (8 electrons) energy levels, as well as 18 electrons in the third energy level.
b. four valence electrons
Carbon has a larger atomic radius than oxygen because carbon has more energy levels/shells of electrons, leading to a greater distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons. Additionally, oxygen has a higher effective nuclear charge (due to more protons) pulling its electrons closer, while carbon's electrons experience less attraction due to shielding effects from inner electrons.
Inner shell electrons are electrons that are located closer to the nucleus of an atom, shielded by outer electron shells. They have lower energy levels compared to outer shell electrons and are generally not involved in chemical reactions.
Cl is in the 17 group. It is in the 3rd period. It has 3 energy levels.
inner shell electrons : the electrons that are not in the the highest occupied energy level .
Electrons in the outermost energy level (valence electrons) are easiest to remove because they are farthest from the positively charged nucleus and experience weaker attraction. This means that valence electrons require less energy to be removed compared to electrons in inner energy levels.
It is called shielding or screening effect. Inner electrons shield the valence electrons from the positive charge of the nucleus, reducing the attractive force between them.
Electrons with less energy are most likely located closer to the nucleus of an atom. This is because electrons with lower energy levels have lower energy levels and are more strongly attracted to the positively charged nucleus.
Hydrogen has one core electron. Core electrons are those in the inner energy levels of an atom and are not involved in chemical bonding.
inner-shell electrons