This liquid is called filtrate.
Sieving can be done to separate a mixture containing solids and liquids, for eg. tea from tea powder. It is one form of filtration. Thus filtering is also a mthod by which you can separate solid substances from the liquid. The particles left behind is called the residue and the one obtained is called filtrate.
It is called filtering.
This mixture is called non homogeneous.
A suspension has evenly dispersed components.
Also a mixture with 1,2...n components.
you can use an instrument called separating funnel to separate this mixture.
this process would be called diffusion
This is called a homogenous mixture
Distillation is use when you want to separate a mixture of liquids, the liquid can be heated to force components, which have different boiling points, into the gas phase. The gas is then condensed back into liquid form and collected. Repeating the process on the collected liquid to improve the purity of the product is called double distillation. Although the term is most commonly applied to liquids, the reverse process can be used to separate gases by liquefying components using changes in temperature and/or pressure
Homogeneous.
Diffrent types of metal
Distillation