It's called a lamp harp.
The top (where you place the shade) is called a finial base, the little 'clips' at the bottom are called the harp base.
A finial
The flexible wire in a lamp is called the filament. the word means 'thread-like', and it comes from the fact that you need a particularly thin section of wire in order to get the metal to incandesce (glow) at relatively low wattages.
It is called a ferrule.
It is called the Ferrule
A candlestick, chamberstick, or candelabrum.
the metal device is called a boss head
the metal part is the shaft the top the holds the ball is called the head and the net is the mesh
There is more than one way to hold metal in place - it can be welded, clamped, glued, etc. - but you are probably thinking of a vice.
The part that holds the eraser on is called "ferrule" and the part you write with is normally graphite, but sometimes is lead or charcoal.
metal is that part.
an ionic bond
The purpose of putting holes near the top of a metal lampshade is to let the heat from the light bulb escape. Without the holes at the top. The metal shade would become very hot.
Covalent Bonds holds two non-metals such as Silicon Oxide. Ionic Bonds holds a metal and a non-metal such as Sodium Chloride.