By linking genetics and systematic Biology in one synthesis the neo-darwinians showed, mathematically, that natural selection could account for adaptive change in organisms and the evolution of populations over time. This was the beginning of population genetics.
The main contribution for which Ptolemy is famous is his discovery that the earth revolved around the sun. This was known as the heliocentric theory (and it competed with Catholic Church teaching of the time, which held that the earth was the center of the solar system or geocentric).
That's part of the theory of evolution by natural selection (Darwinism) but not the main principle, and some other (obsolete) theories also included this belief. I don't know if there is a more specific answer, but if you can't find one, just go with natural selection.
Issac Newton's contribution was Law of Gravity, Action/Reaction and Calculus
Fire, tools, and art
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Democritus's main contribution to physics was discovery of the atom. He devoted his life to finding out as much as possible to create what is thought to be the first atomic theory.
The main contribution for which Ptolemy is famous is his discovery that the earth revolved around the sun. This was known as the heliocentric theory (and it competed with Catholic Church teaching of the time, which held that the earth was the center of the solar system or geocentric).
Social Darwinism was the application of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies, suggesting that certain groups or individuals were inherently superior to others based on their perceived "fitness." This theory was often used to justify social inequality, imperialism, and discriminatory practices.
The Lydian's main contribution is that they invented the first coin.
The main contribution is the development of new theorem in the subject area
Abraham Maslow's main contribution to Management Theory is in regards to motivation. His humanistic approach challenged the scientific view that money was the only way to motivate someone. He believed that each person was good-natured and just needed a personal motivator to do what needed to be done.
What is the MAIN contribution of bookkeepers to troubleshooting corporate problems?
The idea of social Darwinism was created by English philosopher Herbert Spencer and Yale professor William Graham Sumner by applying Darwin's theory of evolution to society as a whole. Social Darwinism is the theory that the fittest in the social order survive, just as the fittest in nature survive. According to this theory, the only reason that the rich are rich is because they were the most fit to become so, and if the laborers were fit to do the same then they would be rich as well. Reform Darwinism, created by Brown University Professor Lester Frank Ward, follows the idea that because humans are intelligent beings, we can affect natural selection. Contrasting the social Darwinism thought of "survival of the fittest," reform Darwinism argues that government and society should make as many people as possible "fit to survive." The main difference between the two schools of thought is that social Darwinists believe that however social hierarchy exists, it is solely because the "fittest" rose to the top, reform Darwinists believe that the whole of society should be given the opportunities and resources to be able to rise to the top, rather than just the wealthy being able to do so.
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Juan Luna was a prominent Filipino painter who made significant contributions to Philippine art during the 19th century. His masterpiece, "Spoliarium," won a gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition and brought attention to the talent of Filipino artists on the international stage. Luna's works helped showcase the rich cultural heritage of the Philippines and inspired a new generation of Filipino artists.
Masunaga was the founder of the Zen Shiatsu which was his main contribution to shiatsu.