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The panel circuit-breaker trips two ways: (1) instant-magnetically; (2) by delayed thermal overload. Instant-magnetically responds to a huge, direct short circuit, where thousands of Amperes may flow immediately. The resulting magnetic field around a hairpin of heavy wire in the breaker pushes the wire arms apart, releasing the latch in the breaker very quickly. The breaker also contains a bi-metalic conductor that bends as it gets hot. If the current exceeds the breaker capacity for a few seconds to a minute the bi-metalic arm heats, bends and releases the latch in the breaker. The thermal-delay allows motors with large startup-current to get running without tripping the breaker.

THE REST OF THE STORY: In other words, 20 Amp breaker can supply 40 amps or more for a few seconds. Not enough time to overheat the wire to the outlet, but enough time for a motor's centrifugal-switch to disconnect the start winding. If you overload the circuit a little bit, say 24 amps from a 20-Amp breaker, it will trip, but maybe not for a half hour or hour. On a hot day the thermal release will act more quickly, even though the current will be slightly less because copper wire has a higher resistance when warm.

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Roger Ing

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3y ago
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short circuit current trip

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Q: What is the main function of the magnetic trip in a circuit breaker?
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Will a circuit breaker function the same if supply and loads are reversed?

Yes, a circuit breaker will function the same if supply and loads are reversed. This is the way that some sub panels are fed instead of a main disconnect at the top of the distribution panel.


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