esta echa de rocka deretida
The lower mantle is one of the layers in the Earth's interior, located between the upper mantle and the outer core. It extends from a depth of about 410 to 660 kilometers below the Earth's surface. The lower mantle consists of solid rock material that experiences high pressure and temperatures.
The density of the mantle increases with depth due to the increase in pressure and temperature. The lower mantle, in particular the part known as the D'' layer, is where the density of the material is greater due to the higher pressure and temperatures compared to the upper mantle.
Pressure is involved because as the plates move apart, lower mantle material is hot, flexible, and solid. This rock is solid because of the great pressure of the layers above it. However. as the rock of the lower mantle rises, the pressure drops and the material melts.
The upper part of the mantle, known as the asthenosphere, contains molten material. This region is partially molten, allowing for the movement of tectonic plates. Deeper parts of the mantle, such as the lower mantle, contain solid rock due to higher pressures and temperatures.
The mesosphere
The middle mantle is just above the lower mantle.
The Lower Mantle
The lower mantle is the portion of the Earth's mantle layer that extends from a depth of 670 km to 2798 km from the surface. Minerals present in the rock of the upper mantle become unstable at these depths. Little is known about the lower mantle other than that seismic waves indicate it is fairly homogenous in lithology and therefore density.
The lower part of the mantle is called the "lower mantle" or "mesosphere", while the upper part of the mantle is referred to as the "upper mantle" or "asthenosphere".
The movement of tectonic plates in the lower mantle is primarily driven by the process of mantle convection. This is caused by the heat released from the Earth's core, which creates circulation patterns in the mantle that can cause the plates to move. The upwelling and downwelling of material in the mantle contribute to the lateral movement of tectonic plates.
The lower mantle is beneath the crust.
The density is greater at the lower mantle due to the increase in pressure and temperature as you move towards the Earth's core. This denser material sinks while the less dense material rises, driving the process of mantle convection that helps drive plate tectonics.