Depends where you are, but mostly 45 cm.
12 inches from the curb
12 inches from the curb
12"
18 inches
Although it may vary from pace to place usually you must be within 12 in from the curb
The car did not park on the curb
you may not park next to a curb that is painted red.
From the Calfornia DMV web page on parking: When you park alongside a curb on a level street, the front and back wheels must be parallel and within 18 inches of the curb. Park parallel to the street if there is no curb.
In Oregon it is 12 inches, other states it is 18 inches. Type this question on Google but add "in (your state)" it should bring up the online section of the DMV manual of your state that will tell you for sure.
You should park your car less than six inches away from the curb.
Towards the curb.
30 feet