The word chemistry comes from the greek word "Chimia (Χημεία)" which means chemistry as well. Chemistry is the science in which scientists study the molecular form of matter , the reactions between materials as well as production of energy, mostly electricity, through the use of chemistry and physics (nuclear energy etc.). Also, chemists experiment and find laws of chemistry, just like physicists do. Chemistry and physics also cooperate in quantum mechanic. As you can see, physics and chemistry have a lot in common.
Reduction in chemistry has the meaning of gain of electrons.
The meaning in chemistry is identical to the meaning in statistics; weiggted averaging is useful in the processing of experimental data.
Inorganic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds that don't contain the hydrocarbon radicals.
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Anorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, photochemistry, radiochemistry, biochemistry, agrochemistry, clinical chemistry, mecanochemistry, cosmochemistry, geochemistry, hydrochemistry, nuclear chemistry, forensic chemistry, etc.
organic
Chemistry is the study of matter, it's components, and their relationships between each other.
Photochemistry is a branch of chemistry which study chemical reactions under irradiation with visible light.
I assume that chemistry has no meaning because tecnically all materials have to do with chemistry, but the two that I can think of right now are Hydrochloric acid and sulferic acid.
Solubility
because an acid and a base make a neutral.
Pastry chefs do need to take chemistry classes. These classes will help them to understand the chemistry of baking and the meaning of how ingredients react with each other.