In vacuum . . . 299,792,458 meters (186,282 miles) per second.
In material substances . . . somewhat slower, depending on the substance.
A direct measurement of the speed of light would involve measuring the time it takes for light to travel a known distance, such as using a laser and a precise timing device.
the measurement of energy mass speed of light
The speed of light in vacuum is 299,792,458 meters (186,282 miles) per second.
An indirect measurement of the speed of molecules can be made using techniques such as Doppler spectroscopy or light scattering. These methods analyze the behavior of light as it interacts with the molecules to determine their speed indirectly. By studying the changes in the properties of the light, scientists can infer the motion and speed of the molecules.
The speed of light in a vacuum (space) is about 3x10^8 m/s. The most accurate measurement is:
Stop watch and a light switch
There is no "measurement of light". The units used depend on what you want to measure: its speed, frequency, wavelength, energy per photon, etc.
electricity travels at the speed of light +186,000 miles per second
A unit that is commonly used in astronomy is the light-year - the distance light travels in a year.
The uncertainty in the measurement of the speed of light is typically around ±0.3 meters per second. This uncertainty arises from various factors such as experimental errors, instrumental limitations, and environmental conditions. Multiple measurements and techniques are used to reduce this uncertainty and obtain a more accurate value for the speed of light.
The refractive index is measured by comparing the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a material. Common methods for this measurement include using a refractometer, spectrometer, or interferometer.
An early measurement was done by Ole Rømer, by observing Jupiter's moons.