A combining form, sometimes called a root of the word, is a part that identifies the thing you are talking about. For example, "encephal/o" would indicate that the word has to do with the brain. The "/o" at the end means that an "o" might be included, depending on whether it is followed by a consonant or vowel.
ElectroENCEPHALOgram has to do with the brain, and is a record (-gram) obtained by measuring electric waves. the "o" is needed b ecause "gram" starts with a consonant.
ENCEPHALitis is inflammation of the brain. No "o" is needed because "itis" starts with a vowel.
-dipsia is the medical terminology combining form meaning thirst, as in polydipsia (excessive thirst).
The medical terminology combining form meaning flow or fluid is "-rrhea." It is commonly used in terms such as diarrhea (excessive flow of stool) and hemorrhea (excessive flow of blood).
-osis
The medical terminology combining form meaning hands is mano-
Pancreo- is the medical terminology combining form meaning pancreas.
Cerebro- is the medical terminology combining form meaning cerebral.
Oligo- is the medical terminology combining form meaning scanty.
Scapul/o is the medical terminology combining for meaning scapula.
Metatars- is the medical terminology combining form meaning metatarsal.
Hepat/o is the medical terminology combining form meaning liver.
-rrhagia is the medical terminology combining form meaning discharge of blood, as in menorrhagia (heavy menstrual flow). A related suffix, -rrhea, refers to any kind of abnormal flow, such as rhinorrhea (abnormal nasal discharge) or otorrhea (abnormal ear discharge).
Thyro- is the medical terminology combining form meaning thyroid.