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A combining form, sometimes called a root of the word, is a part that identifies the thing you are talking about. For example, "encephal/o" would indicate that the word has to do with the brain. The "/o" at the end means that an "o" might be included, depending on whether it is followed by a consonant or vowel.

ElectroENCEPHALOgram has to do with the brain, and is a record (-gram) obtained by measuring electric waves. the "o" is needed b ecause "gram" starts with a consonant.

ENCEPHALitis is inflammation of the brain. No "o" is needed because "itis" starts with a vowel.

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