Hinge.
It's called a dowel.
It is called a particle.
Metal
The earth's crust is broken into sections called tectonic plates, which slowly move around.
its a piece of curved metal with another piece of metal going through it at the top
fuse
a thin pointed piece of metal is called a spike
Burr or metal fragment
A shrapnel.
it is called a meteorite
Escutcheon
bit
It's called a dowel.
Galley's
The Valve is the piece that actually moves in and out, or "opens and closes" - the part of the block that the valve rests on is called the valve seat.
Meteor.
It is called a particle.